Category: Memorials

Remembering William Duckworth (1943-2012)

William Duckworth

William Duckworth
Photo by Paula Court

Over the last few days, the music world has learned of the death of one of our most significant composers, writers, and educators, William Duckworth. He succumbed to pancreatic cancer that had been diagnosed about 18 months ago. Of course everyone who knew and loved Bill expected and dreaded this news.

Bill and Nora Farrell, his wife and close collaborator, covered some of the same musical territory as I did, especially in the early 1990s, and we met at a small house concert performed by pianist Joseph Kubera at the home of Robert Ashley and Mimi Johnson. But we were real opposites in many ways: Bill had a broad knowledge of musical style, a patient understanding of the human condition, and a clutter-free apartment. (I had none of those things.) In fact, I don’t exactly know how to describe my friendship with Bill, other than much of our time together was spent in dining rooms and automobiles. We discovered our mutual affinity for culinary splurges. I could pick wine and Bill could pick restaurants–a dangerous combination–living beyond our means for at least a couple of hours at a time.

Bill with Tom

Bill and Tom after lunch. Bill’s Australian collaborator, music technologist Paul Draper, was with us and took the photo, July 5, 2011.

In about 1991, to add to my patchwork freelance life, Bill invited me to work at Bucknell University in a loosely defined job running their computer music studio, teaching some private lessons, and occasionally guest lecturing in various music classes. (He said, “You can call it anything you want.”) I would usually visit the campus for a week each semester, and we would ride back and forth to Lewisburg, catching up on music news and planning our “fine-dining” adventures for the week from the temporary comfort of a depressing Interstate diner.

From this vantage point I was able to watch Bill interact with students in a variety of class situations. Whether it was presenting a new piece, a point of music theory, or guiding a student composition, he enjoyed it all; it was as if all musical sensation gave him a particular take that could be passed along to the next person. Very often, my visit would coincide with a visit from another artist, sometimes in his Gallery series, and for a little while there would be this coalescence of new and old friends of new music. My ambiguous presence at Bucknell lasted for about 11 years. As much as I had enjoyed the community that he had included me in, I knew it was time to go. Bill was very gracious about it, and of course we managed to keep our feeding schedule pretty well intact, if a little less frequent.

Bill had active relationships with many friends, preferring to find ways to visit in small, concentrated encounters. He was obviously much more interested in a way to get beyond the chitchat and into the details. He was a composer who lived in a world of composers, and just as his own music and writing had taken him in several directions over the years, so had his interests in his friends’ work. He loved to hear the details, whether they were related to concept, production, or performance. Every conversation about music was a mini-interview, with its unstated goal being to extract clear and candid expression. Though my own workaday life has given me a few different hats, Bill always related to me specifically as a fellow composer and looked for those opportunities to support me in my own career, especially when I was starting out in New York.

A consummate networker before the term gained fashion; he was always looking to spark fruitful connections between friends and acquaintances. In the 90s, quite often Bill would call me on the spur of the moment to have lunch at a now-defunct Thai restaurant on 8th Ave. I thought he was being considerate of me, since I lived right across the street. But it also turns out that he had made it his unofficial Manhattan “office” and had many of his mealtime appointments there, both social and business. I can still remember him right there, sitting in the corner next to a giant tropical fish tank.

There are many places to go for evidence of Bill’s far-reaching musical activities, and his own website offers a wonderful glimpse of his musical activities. There are sound clips of pieces for traditional instruments and videos of the large-scale projects that he and Nora collaborated on in Australia and elsewhere. In the former, you can hear nuanced patterns that sound familiar but just out of reach; in the latter, the fascination with humanizing technological context by organizing experiences that, in his words, “blur the distinction between the amateur and the professional.”

Duckworth - Time Curve Preludes Book 1 #6

An excerpt from the sixth prelude in Book One of William Duckworth’s Time Curve Preludes (1978)
© 1979 by Henmar Press, Inc. Sole Selling Agent: C. F. Peters Corporation.
Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.

Bill’s close friend, Kyle Gann, posted a beautifully written tribute on his PostClassic blog. Written several hours after his passing, the comments section quickly developed into a remarkable collection of testimonials from all over the world—Bill’s world—of friends, colleagues, and students. My favorite is this one, from a former high school and college friend: “…so glad to have heard his wonderful music and the great contributions he and his wife made together in kicking intentional music into the next dimension.”

These last 18 months, Bill was part of an experimental treatment program, and the early results were indeed promising. He looked good and his appetite was up a lot of the time. We had two extravagant lunches within the first 6 months, carefully scheduled in weeks where his medications and chemo didn’t severely affect his ability to get out in the city. He was very candid about his condition yet enthusiastic about his progress. After that, I received some update emails sent out to his friends. But with his generous spirit, I knew that his buoyant tone was really for us – to help defer what we all knew to be the worst news imaginable.

I’m listening again to my Bill Duckworth CDs, and I imagine many other friends must be doing the same these last few days. As I sit here listening to Lois Svard play one of the Imaginary Dances, I just found an entry on Bill’s blog, dated March 24, 2012:

“It’s been a good year for writing music.”

Duckworth - Southern Harmony (Cheerful) p11

An excerpt of the a capella hymn “Cheerful” from William Duckworth’s Southern Harmony (1981)
© 1993 by Henmar Press, Inc. Sole Selling Agent: C. F. Peters Corporation.
Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.

Remembering Marvin Hamlisch (1944-2012)

Hamlisch,Carnelia,Lithgow

Composer Marvin Hamlisch (left), lyricist Craig Carnelia (center), and actor John Lithgow during the recording sessions for the original cast album of the Broadway musical The Sweet Smell of Success. Photo by Chris Ottaunick, courtesy Craig Carnelia.

[Ed. Note: The unexpected death of Marvin Hamlisch earlier this month sent shock waves through the music community. One of only two people ever to receive an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, Tony, and Pulitzer Prize (the other was Richard Rodgers), the New York City-born, Los Angeles-based composer, conductor, and pianist created scores for dozens of Hollywood motion pictures, as well as for five Broadway musicals (including the revolutionary A Chorus Line), and was also a mainstay on the podiums of symphony orchestras across the country. Lyricist and Former ASCAP President Marilyn Bergman, who together with her husband Alan Bergman first collaborated with Hamlisch on the theme song for the film The Way We Were, remembers Hamlisch as someone who “always had a smile on his face and in his heart […] He’d sit at the piano and his musical ideas would tumble out of him—one after another—a shower of notes.” We asked fellow theatre composer Craig Carnelia—who served as Hamlisch’s lyricist for two musicals, including Hamlisch’s last production on Broadway, The Sweet Smell of Success—to tell us more about what it was like to work with this important American music creator.—FJO]

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So much has been written and will be written about my friend and collaborator, Marvin Hamlisch, that I have decided to write a piece that focuses on those recollections that are private, moments when we were alone, or if with others, situations where we were a team of songwriters or a pair of friends.

The Way We Worked

I met Marvin in the summer of 1997. We were introduced by producer Marty Bell, who was assembling talent to create a musical version of Sweet Smell of Success, a team that already included playwriting John Guare, and would later include director Nicholas Hytner.

At our first meeting, Marvin told me he wanted to write another “serious score” and that he preferred working “music-first.” I was delighted to hear both, and since I tend to work music-first when I write my own music, this method was most familiar to me. Marvin felt he was a better composer when not limited by the structure and cadence of a whole lyric before starting to compose. He preferred to free-associate and invent musically, using a few phrases of lyric, which then leaves the lyricist the job of matching all the rises and falls of pitch, intensity and nuance in the music that the composer has put there. I’ve always loved this part of lyric writing, and working with Marvin’s music, after so many years on my own, I was endlessly surprised by the game.

What “music-first” actually means is, we would have an idea of where a character should sing and why. Then I would explore how the character might express him or herself in words, usually a verse, or a few lines, at least a title. Often, I would come to a meeting with two or three different ways of approaching the same moment. Then we would sit together at the piano with a tape running, usually for an hour or so. But don’t let me mislead you. Marvin was the only one with his hands on the keys. I would sit on a stool to his right, most often with a cup of tea, made by Shirley, Marvin’s longtime housekeeper.

Marvin had the single most limited attention span of any adult I had ever met. But these hours were unique. When he was inventing music, his focus and concentration were extraordinary. He would look at the words I had brought in for 30 or 40 seconds and hear something in his head. His hands would then take over. After that initial “idea” phase in the composing, there seemed to be no time-lag between his continued musical impulses and his ability to simply play them. I would call it “confidence,” but even the presence of confidence would seem to acknowledge the existence of insecurity. It was something more primal than confidence that I saw in Marvin in these sessions, more like raw instinct. There didn’t seem to be any brain involved in this work, and along with that omission, a lovely lack of self-doubt and second-guessing. The first attempt wasn’t always his best, but it very often was. When it wasn’t, he or I would say, “Let’s go again,” or “I/you can do better,” and the second try would invariably be the one.

I would then go home, catalogue the tape, find the best variations and begin writing to them. We would then come back together to deal with structure, lyrics, refinements, questions, additional music, whatever was needed. I would go away again, finish the lyric, and we would have a song.

But in those first hours, when Marvin was inventing, I saw him at his finest. Focused, serious, happy, doing what he was undoubtedly put here to do.

On The Road

By the time I met Marvin, he was as famous for his concert work (solo concerts and “Pops” conducting with major symphonies) as for his composing. So I would often travel to wherever he was and stay with him for a day or two to work. About a month into our collaboration, he was conducting with the Pittsburgh Symphony and I spent two days with him there to work on a song. In the afternoon, we worked at the concert hall, but as evening approached, we walked back to the hotel for an early dinner and for Marvin to prepare for the concert. He was getting into his tux in the bedroom while I was writing on the couch in the living room.

Without warning, out leapt Marvin in his underwear, doing West Side Story-style ballet, shouting “Jerome Robbins!” After ten seconds, he switched styles: “Bob Fosse!” Then, the big finish: “Michael Bennett!” Then, he disappeared. Nothing in my life up to this point had prepared me for this floor show.

The Boys at the Beck

When you do a big show, it’s seldom the big moments that end up bringing you the greatest pleasure or sticking in your memory as the peak experiences. Sweet Smell of Success had peaks in abundance, but the finest of them was an afternoon when Marvin and I went to scout out the pit at the Martin Beck Theater to see if it was going to be large enough for the orchestral numbers and combinations he and orchestrator Bill Brohn had in mind.

We were let into the theater by the stage doorman. There was no one else there. No one. There were some general lights on in the house and, of course, a work-light on the stage. We first went down to the pit where we measured some dimensions. We talked about the optional extra musician (a guitarist) that Marvin and Bill were considering. We ended up not using a guitar for the show, but added one when Marvin and I produced the cast album for SONY. Then Marvin was imagining where each player would sit and how much space each instrument and all the doubles and triples would require. I became superfluous, so I took my superfluous self up to the stage.

We didn’t speak for the rest of our time there, probably ten minutes. I was looking out at the house and Marvin was “all business” in the pit. But we were happy, both of us, with the professions we had chosen, the show we were working on, and the partnership we had found. We tried to acknowledge as much as we walked together afterwards. The acknowledgement may have lacked the full understanding I’ve expressed here, but it had an immediacy and an impact that was unusual.

The New York Yankees

Many of you know that Marvin was a huge Yankees fan. Well, as it happens, so am I, and we were in the thick of our collaboration from 1997-2002, which were glory years for the team. Marvin had gotten Joe Torre and his wife some ringside seats for the heralded Streisand concert he had musical directed and this had cemented their friendship.

So when we would go to a game together, it usually included some dazzling perks, like sitting in the dugout for batting practice, or having the best seats for play-off and World Series games, or having dinner with Joe Torre.

But the best was Game 5 of the 2001 World Series against the Diamondbacks. 9/11 had just happened, you could still smell the burning in the air. There were warnings that the World Series was a likely “next target.” “Did I want to go?” “Hell, yes! I’m going.”

Ninth inning, Yankees down by 2, one man on, Scott Brosius hits a game-tying home run. The stadium went wild, as did Marvin and I. The Yanks went on to win the game in extra innings.

Marvin loved the Yankees, but what isn’t as widely known is, they loved him back.

The Ride

At our first meeting with director Nicholas Hytner, Nick made it clear that he was going to join us on Sweet Smell of Success. Also at the meeting were producer Marty Bell and bookwriter John Guare. After they all left Marvin’s apartment that day, he called me into the kitchen and opened a bottle of his favorite wine (the only time I ever saw Marvin drink). He poured a bit into 2 glasses, gave me one and proposed a toast: “Let’s enjoy the ride.” I can honestly say that on Sweet Smell of Success, we did just that.

And yet, I choose to close these remembrances with a lyric from our second show, Imaginary Friends. The song was never used in the play, but was to have been sung by Lillian Hellman and Mary McCarthy near the end of their lives.

I had a unique experience when writing this lyric. I was enjoying my time with Marvin’s music so intensely that I made the process of completing the lyric take two days longer than it needed to. I didn’t want it to end.

There is nothing clever
I have left to say
You and I
My oh my
Words fail me

Every past endeavor
Every livelong day
So much fuss
So much us
Words fail me

See the legends disappear
With a whisper
“I was here”
“I was here”

No more ties to sever
No more debts to pay
No more chat
‘Magine that
Words fail me

Will I be remembered well?
Did I matter?
Time will tell
Time will tell

Time to face whatever
Time to make our way
Catch the light
Say goodnight
I’m through here
I’m new here
Words fail me.

“Words Fail Me” lyric used by permission Copyright © 2002 A. Schroeder Int’l

Remembering İlhan Mimaroğlu (1926-2012)

Composer, musicologist, record producer, and genre bending pioneer İlhan Mimaroğlu (1926-2012) died last month after a long illness. Composer Bob Gluck was one of the last people to do an extensive interview with him, so we asked him to describe this one-of-a-kind music maker for us in memoriam.—FJO

“Since my early age I was interested in what was going on in the world in terms of music, new music. New music, that’s what interests me, new music. It was my principle: you have to start with what’s going on today and then, gradually, go back to the past, where it came from. Rather than start in the past and going forward, you should know what’s going on today in the world […laughter…], [and then learn] where did it come from. That was my view.”—Ilhan Mimaroğlu, interview by Bob Gluck, January 3, 2006

Serious but funny, irreverent but thoughtful, categorical but reflective, politically engaged yet a pessimist—or was he a realist? I found myself silently testing each of these seeming contradictions when I met Ilhan Mimaroğlu in 2006. I found in him a nobility, a deep seriousness, interrupted periodically by bursts of laughter. From time to time, he responded to a question by removing a book from the shelf and reading aloud, quoting from his own published words.

I interviewed Mimaroğlu in the evening on January 3, 2006. Gungor, his wife, met me at the door and offered me tea before bringing me into her husband’s study. The composer was seated comfortably in an easy chair in that dimly lit room. Surrounded by books in Turkish and English, the room was filled with hazy smoke. Breathing was not easy for me, but neither was it for Mimaroğlu, as he chain-smoked through our two hours together.  We joined together in coughs and wheezes.

Ilhan Mimaroğlu

Snapshot of Ilhan Mimaroğlu taken by the author during their interview in 2006.

I remembered my first awareness of Mimaroğlu, his recording with Freddie Hubbard, Sing a Song of Songmy: Threnody for Sharon Tate. I responded to that work because it combined so many of the seemingly conflicting aesthetic worlds that I loved. The music startled me because I never heard so many of them present in the very same piece. Is it a narrative work with semantic meaning? Is it a tonal work for strings? Is it a construction of electronic sounds? An angular post-bop jazz tune, with an asymmetrical rhythmic riff, yet lyrical trumpet solo line?  The answer to all these questions is resoundingly yes! Somehow, Mimaroğlu‘s answer to all these possibilities was “yes,” reconciled within a single work.

I knew another side of his work from listening to radio shows that Mimaroğlu produced for the Pacifica radio station WBAI. He crafted them at home, only stopping by the station to drop off the tapes. The shows represented, no surprise, an eclectic mix of music.

This reconciling of seeming irreconcilable possibilities tells us much about Ilhan Mimaroğlu.

Some Ilhan Mimaroğlu Aphorisms

“Take an ‘o’ out of ‘good’ and its ‘God’. Add a ‘d’ to ‘evil’ and its ‘devil’. To recognize ‘God’ and ‘evil’ and ‘good’ and ‘devil’, one must be a proofreader.”

“We composers worry so much about posterity that we fail to notice what’s happening to our posterior.”

“Calling a judge ‘justice’ is like calling an artist ‘masterpiece.’”

“You know, there really are many under-appreciate composers. But being under-appreciated doesn’t make someone special! The world is full of them!”

The musical world of the late 1960s and ’70s New York might be categorized as the art of parallel play. Serial composers, largely uptown at Columbia, had little truck with minimalists and other eclectic composers who were largely downtown. Art music and popular music rarely intersected. Composers/performers and producers rarely inhabited the same worlds, never mind the same bodies.

Somehow Ilhan Mimaroğlu embodied each of these, all at the same time. He was an engaged composer and informal teacher, uptown at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center. Mimaroğlu, in fact, came to New York to study musicology at Columbia in order to further his journalistic interests. But, having read about, sought out, and then heard electronic music recordings in Turkey, he discovered the Columbia-Princeton studio.

Also during his time at Columbia, Mimaroğlu’s studied privately with Edgard Varèse. “Most of the time, I used to talk to him over the telephone,” he remembered. “One day, he asked me, ‘What do you want to do in New York? What are you doing here?’ I said, ‘I want to study with you!’ He said, ‘All right, let’s start!’ […laughs…] So, I would go to his place, something like every week. It was very interesting. I used to write a few things and he would take what I wrote and he’d start adding notes to it.”

The compositions Mimaroğlu completed during his years at Columbia were intuitive in formal approach. He was more sympathetic to Pierre Schaeffer than to the serialists, noting that “particularly the idea that electronic music and cinema were in a parallel, the same thing basically. One is for the eye, the other for the ear. It is the same idea for me and for Pierre Schaeffer.”

In contrast, of Milton Babbitt he said, “I may not be too fond of his music, but I must admit it’s important. It’s beautifully crafted. It’s not always a great pleasure to listen to, but he’s an important composer, yes.”

In Mimaroğlu’s 1965 electronic work for tape Agony, one hears within this construction of abstract sounds clearly discernable musical gestures and phrases. A three-pulse figure becomes a leitmotif, engaging in call and response. What is most striking is the accessibility of the music, despite the unfamiliarity of the sounds, the lack of pitched materials or conventional musical syntax. If anything, the music is like a conversation, and in the final minutes a delightful one at that.

At Columbia-Princeton, Mimaroğlu became an accidental teacher, recalling that “since [Studio director Vladimir] Ussachevsky was a busy person, he would say to me, at the very last minute during an electronic music class: ‘You go teach this class!’ He would just leave and I would take over. This happened a couple of times.”

But Mimaroğlu may have been aesthetically more at home downtown, during a time when there was little cross-fertilization. He befriended two young composers who were active in Mort Subotnick’s Buchla and tape studio on Bleecker Street in the Village. Charlemagne Palestine and Ingram Marshall (who was Mimaroğlu’s fellow musicology student at Columbia) were by day salesmen at Record Hunter on Fifth Avenue and 43nd Street. Palestine recalls that Mimaroğlu was a regular customer whose music he liked. He was “very nice to us. His music had a dramatic tinge to it; it wasn’t so dry. And he also wasn’t a dry professor type of guy. In those old days when the Nonesuch records came out, Silver Apples [of the Moon by Morton Subotnick] came out, and also a piece by him. They were more light, sort of accessible electronic pieces. They weren’t all that serialism. I do remember that. At the time I appreciated it because I was beginning to overdose on all that heavy profundity.”

I’ve wondered about his mixture of seriousness and humor; his disinterest in authority, and, maybe, his sadness.

Mimaroğlu’s jokester side could be disarming. For instance, he had come to admire the music of fellow countryman Bülent Arel, a future important figure at Columbia-Princeton, before either came to New York. “I remember playing a trick on him. I sat at the piano and started banging the keys [Mimaroğlu makes “busy” sounds with his mouth] and recorded it. I said, “Bülent, I want to play you something. It’s a new piece by Stockhausen.” So I played it. With great seriousness, he starts examining it, analyzing it. […laughs…] When I told him what I did, he got very angry.”

But then, there’s a sense of absolute dedication not only to musical expression, but in a larger sense to justice. I asked Mimaroğlu where he gained the sense of moral outrage represented throughout his writings and musical works. He told me that he was raised during an era of serious moral questioning and danger, but within an environment where critical thinking was encouraged:

I guess I grew up in a country where you are allowed to think about such matters. Turkey, the Turkey of Ataturk, was a totally new country. We used to see signs here: ‘“How happy is the person who says ‘I am a Turk’,” for instance. And indeed as I grew up and found out what was going on in other countries of the world, [it became clear] that this was a truly exceptional country, no question about that! Particularly the [World War II] war years…. So, came 1939, and we were all scared that Turkey would be invaded by the Nazis. Thankfully it wasn’t. It came very close. We came to the center of Anatolia, because [we thought that] they were going to come. Then we returned again to Istanbul. Finally in 1945, I remember the day when the Nazis were vanquished and there were celebrations in the street. So, those were important years for me.

Mimaroğlu emerged from this experience having learned a cautionary tale, a profound and large one for a teenager. His father had died when he was still a baby. His mother no doubt felt an additional sense of weight when thinking about the future career of this musically focused child. She supported his interests, provided they remained just an interest. As a result, Mimaroğlu embarked on training for a professional career, as a lawyer, a choice made quite casually, a story he tells with some humor:

My mother wanted me to be an architect, like my father. Since I didn’t know what else to do, I said, “All right, let’s go to that school where they teach architecture.” The people at the school said, “You’ll have to pass an examination to enter.” What is the examination? They put a vase on top of the table and they said [to] draw it, which I did and I failed […laughter…]. What’s that got to do with architecture? So, what do we do with this child? At that time, my mother and stepfather were in Ankara and the only university where you can enter without an examination was the law school. So they said, “Why don’t you enter the law school?” And I said, “Why not?” And I did. And that was the story. Well, I finished it. I have a law diploma that I am keeping […laughter…] somewhere.

The musical young adult decided instead to become a journalist, landing a job with the Associated Press. One thing led to another and he was selected to receive a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship to study music journalism at Columbia University.

Mimaroğlu’s sense of commitment to people translated into his concern for young composers. Eric Chasalow, then a student at Columbia-Princeton during Mimaroğlu’s time, is one example. Chasalow, now the Irving Fine Professor of Music at Brandeis University, recalls, “While I did not know him well—Ussachevsky introduced us in about 1979—he programmed my music on his radio program on several occasions. He was a refreshingly no-nonsense guy with no patience for anything but the music. He was very generous to me. He was eager to hear what each generation coming into the Electronic Music Center was doing, and when he heard something he respected, he would support it however he could.”

Arguably, Ilhan Mimaroğlu’s most substantial impact was as a jazz record producer at Atlantic Records. One might not expect a Columbia-Princeton composer to engage with jazz. At Atlantic, Mimaroğlu produced some of the most important recordings of the 1960s, including works by Charles Mingus and Ornette Coleman. This was an interest that began early in life. He cultivated it with persistence and, ironically, through a form of intrigue:

I was into jazz all the time growing up. I had a group of friends who were also interested. We used to listen to recordings. I used to play the clarinet. I used to give concerts myself, with this friend or that friend, a guitarist, whatever—it was a jazz group primarily that I was into. At school that’s what I was doing. I used to go to the [school’s] radio station and I started playing records. It was my pleasure. And then one day, the discipline board was in session. I was playing jazz records again. They sent someone, made me turn off the radio and gave me a punishment. […laughs…] That I told to my mother and she went to the director of the school and said, “Is it a bad thing that the child plays music to his friends? Does he interfere with his classes? Why are you doing this?” On that day, they permitted me again to play music on the sound system, but the punishment remained in my [academic] records. And mother didn’t tell me [until] after I finished school, so I didn’t get spoiled [from] what she did to protect me.

Ilhan Mimaroğlu became a record producer, he explained to me, “just to earn some money…. When I came here on a Rockefeller Fellowship, I had heard about Ahmed Ertegun [and] Nesuhi Ertegun, and I went to visit their offices. I remember Nesuhi taking me to a nightclub to hear Errol Garner. That’s one of the memories, yes… They were jazz experts. So they said go ahead and do jazz, do whatever you want.” After a time, Mimaroglu expressed interest in producing recordings with less commercial potential. “I just wanted to do some recordings and release some that wouldn’t sell. […laughs…]. So, [my label] Finnadar was born. They were happy to let me do it.” The label became an offprint of Atlantic Records. The Ertegun brothers were supportive and told him that they would keep paying, as long as he didn’t spend too much money. “And I knew how not to spend much money!” said Mimaroğlu. The array of Finnadar recordings would include works by Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Frederic Rzewski, John Cage, Mimaroğlu’s own work, and that of many others.

Open-minded yet sometimes quite sure of himself, warm and sometimes cantankerous, Ilhan Mimaroğlu was at his core complex and mysterious. His life was one of musical multiplicities. While living in the United States, he and his wife maintained strong ties with their homeland. Throughout his life, Mimaroğlu continued to write and publish in Turkish. While the music of this eclectic composer remains little known, he produced iconic records and created works of depth and breadth. Hopefully the passage of time will help motivate greater interest in the music of this truly fascinating man. Surely over time, stories will continue to emerge about his kindness and commitment to students and colleagues.

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Please note: The following audio files—recorded during Bob Gluck’s January 3, 2006, interview with Ilhan Mimaroğlu—are unedited and unprocessed and are occasionally less than optimal. They are presented here due to their historic importance.

Part One of Bob Gluck’s January 3, 2006 interview with Ilhan Mimaroğlu.
Part Two of Bob Gluck’s January 3, 2006 interview with Ilhan Mimaroğlu

Part Three of Bob Gluck’s January 3, 2006 interview with Ilhan Mimaroğlu

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Bob Gluck is a pianist, music historian, and educator. He is associate professor at The University at Albany and the author of You’ll Know When You Get There: Herbie Hancock and the Mwandishi Band (University of Chicago Press, 2012). His latest recording, Textures and Pulsations, a series of piano and electronics duets with Aruan Ortiz, will be released this fall on Ictus Records.

Celebration: Remembering—A Tribute to Bob Brookmeyer

Bob Brookmeyer

Bob Brookmeyer

Trombonist and composer-arranger Bob Brookmeyer was born in 1929 in Kansas City, Missouri, ground zero for the original Count Basie Orchestra, which young Bobby B. first heard play live at the Tower Theatre when he was 11 years old. (“Basie gave me my first full-body thrill” was how Bob was fond of putting it.) He died on December 15, 2011, just three days shy of what would have been his 82nd birthday. He began playing and writing professionally at age 14, and remained active and vital right up to the end—his final recording, Standards, was released just two weeks before he left us. The album is a fitting coda to a rich musical life—it feels like the concentrated distillation of Bob’s entire career, a return to the classic American songbook tunes he loved, filtered through a lifetime of compositional exploration.

Brookmeyer first started attracting notice in the early 1950s as a member of groups led by Stan Getz and Gerry Mulligan. His gruff, burnished tone and fluid, conversational phrasing on valve trombone made him an instant favorite on the jazz scene, a musician’s musician. At the same time, he was working as an arranger-for-hire out of copyist Emile Charlap’s office—among other things, he ended up ghostwriting a couple of arrangements on the album The Genius of Ray Charles. In 1958 he joined the Jimmy Giuffre 3, which featured the unorthodox combination of Giuffre’s saxophone and clarinet with Brookmeyer’s valve trombone and Jim Hall’s guitar—the group can be seen and heard during the opening credit sequence to Bert Stern’s classic concert film Jazz on a Summer’s Day . He was also an accomplished pianist, having held the piano chair in bands led by Tex Beneke and Ray McKinley, and in 1959, he famously went head-to-head with no less than Bill Evans, in a two-piano record called The Ivory Hunters. It wasn’t Bob’s idea—he’d assumed he would be playing trombone, and only discovered otherwise when he arrived at the date—but he more than holds up his end.

Bob Brookmeyer had a profound impact on multiple generations of musicians, from the legendary figures he came to prominence playing with, to the bright-eyed eighteen-year olds he’d encounter at conservatory workshops. Memories of the man and his music are shared in this post from:
Darcy James Argue
Jim Hall
Bill Holman
Jim McNeely
Joe Lovano
Maria Schneider
John Hollenbeck
Kris Goessens
Bill Kirchner
Dave Rivello
Ayn Inserto
Matana Roberts
Ryan Truesdell
Clark Terry

But it was in the 1960s that Brookmeyer came into his own. He became the principal arranger, lead trombonist, and “straw boss” (de facto music director) for Gerry Mulligan’s Concert Jazz Band, a nimble 13-piece outfit that was in many ways the precursor for another important large ensemble, the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra, in which Brookmeyer played lead trombone, and for which he wrote five stone classics: the originals “ABC Blues” and “Samba Con Getchu,” and evocative re-imaginings of “St. Louis Blues,” “Willow Tree,” and “Willow Weep For Me.” During this time, he also co-led a popular quintet with Clark Terry—like the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis band (but unusually for the time) the Terry-Brookmeyer Quintet had shared leadership between a black musician and a white one.

In 1968, depressed about declining opportunities in New York, Brookmeyer moved out to California. He kept busy playing on film scores and such in the Hollywood recording studios, but essentially abandoned any kind of creative involvement in music. He was drinking heavily and popping pills. He was 38 years old when he left New York, and did not expect he’d live much longer.

Instead, in 1977, something changed. He went into recovery and began playing jazz again, with Bill Holman’s Los Angeles-based ensemble. In 1978, Stan Getz hired him back for a European tour, and he made his first jazz record in over a decade—Back Again, with pianist Jimmy Rowles, bassist George Mraz, and his old friends Thad Jones and Mel Lewis. After Thad moved to Copenhagen, Mel invited Brookmeyer to rejoin the orchestra as composer-in-residence, ushering in a period of creative rejuvenation that surely ranks as one of the most incredible comebacks in American music.

He began studying composition with New York School composer Earle Brown and conducting with Joel Thome. He recorded two career-defining albums of new music with the Mel Lewis Orchestra, Bob Brookmeyer Composer-Arranger and Make Me Smile. He also started composing for and recording with several European state-sponsored jazz ensembles, including the Cologne-based WDR Band and the Stockholm Jazz Orchestra. He wrote spiky big-M modernist orchestral works, like his Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra, featuring Jim Hall with the Stockholm Radio Symphony, and a Double Concerto for Two Orchestras. He began teaching at the Manhattan School of Music, and co-founded the BMI Jazz Composers Workshop with Manny Albam. During this time, Bob also met the love of his life, Jan, who became his wife and partner—everyone who knows her knows what a positive, transformative influence she had on him.

In 1991, Bob and Jan moved to Rotterdam, where he laid the foundations for what he called the World School of Jazz, an ambitious undertaking that sadly never took root. But it helped plant the seed for Brookmeyer’s New Art Orchestra, a large ensemble he founded in 1995, using handpicked, mostly young, mostly European musicians. It was the first and only big band Brookmeyer would ever lead under his own name. Under his direction, they recorded five albums of his music. Meanwhile, Bob and Jan had returned to the United States and settled in New Hampshire. He began teaching at the New England Conservatory in 1997 and remained on faculty there for the next ten years, well into his seventies.

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I had seen Bob Brookmeyer live with the Danish Radio Big Band at a jazz conference in 1994, but my first actual interaction with him happened online. Sometime in the late ‘90s, Bob started posting a series of commentaries to his web site. He called them “Currents.” Essentially it was a blog before there were blogs. He would opine on all manner of things—football and politics, but also music. Like any good blogger, Bob was keenly aware that it’s the most opinionated, critical posts that attract the most attention, and he was never one to sugarcoat. At one point, Bob posted something dismissive about a musician I greatly admire, and I must admit, I took the bait.

This would have been in 1999. I was 24 years old and living in Montreal. I’d begun teaching an introductory arranging class at McGill, and I wanted to discuss one of Bob’s scores with my students. I had many questions, so I emailed Bob to ask about various mysterious details in the music. And then, at the end of my email, I could not resist mentioning that I’d read what he’d written about so-and-so, and I didn’t think he was giving him a fair shake.

I don’t know that I really expected a response. But Bob got back to me right away (within a few hours, if memory serves), kindly answered all my naive questions about his music, and proffered an even more pointed and detailed critique of the artist than what he’d originally written. But after that, we got to corresponding, and eventually Bob suggested that I send him some of my own music.

I was terrified, of course, but how do you refuse an offer like that? I remember my hands were shaking as I put the package down on the post office counter. Included was a score and recording of a piece I’d written, Sang-Froid, a shameless carbon copy of Maria Schneider’s early work, with bits pilfered from Kenny Wheeler thrown in for good measure. At best, it was maybe a semi-competent bit of derivative juvenilia (and that’s being extraordinarily generous), but Bob must have seen the spark of something in it, because he invited me to study with him at NEC. Things were finally starting to go well for me in Montreal and I hadn’t planned on pursing a graduate degree, but now Bob had made me an offer I really couldn’t refuse.

I began at NEC in the fall of 2000, still terrified. But Bob turned out to be the most exceptional teacher I’ve ever encountered. Lots of jazz musicians take teaching gigs because they need the money, or they enjoy basking in the admiration of young people. Bob did not take up the mantle of educator lightly—he was as serious about teaching as he was about composing or playing. He had developed a repertoire of assignments, which he gave to all of his students—white-note exercises, intervallic exercises, rhythmic exercises—but as he learned what a student required, he would tailor his approach to each individual. He didn’t do anything by rote, and he judged everyone’s work by the same impossible standards he set for himself.

It’s funny, though. During our first several months together, Bob played his cards uncharacteristically close to the vest. I remember my fellow composition majors trading stories about how mercilessly he would dissect their work. But whenever I would bring in the chart I was plugging away at, Bob wouldn’t say much of anything! He would listen attentively to the recording and perform a detailed examination of the score, but declined to offer any sort of feedback, other than, “Okay…what comes next?” I began to fear that Bob considered my work so thoroughly unremarkable that he could not even be bothered to voice a critique! Finally, as we neared the end of the semester and I had completed the piece—a 13-minute blowout called “Lizard Brain”—and Bob saw the double barline at the end, then the dissection began. (It was gloriously merciless.) Bob later told me: “I could see that you were pushing yourself to do something different, something you didn’t exactly know how to do. But the wheels seemed to be turning okay on their own. I didn’t want to stop the bus before you got to wherever it was that you were headed.”

It’s impossible to imagine what my life would have been like without Bob. Certainly I would never have had the guts or the wherewithal to move to New York or start my own big band! After I left Boston, we kept in intermittent contact—I wasn’t as close to him as some, but I tried to keep him abreast of whatever I had going on. I have a treasure trove of concise but unfailingly encouraging correspondence from Bob: “Congratulations! Very pleased you are making a dent in the big city.” “Good news, my friend!!! Keep it up.” “I have been meaning to congratulate on the commission—read about it and am proud as always.” During his 80th birthday celebration concert at Eastman, I got to sit next to him in the audience as the students played their hearts out on perilously difficult material, like “The Nasty Dance” and “Say Ah.” I’d catch little sidelong glimpses of him beaming with admiration. It’s one of my favorite memories.

Bob's 80th Birthday Concert

(L to R) Dave Rivello, Ryan Truesdell, Bob Brookmeyer, and myself,
from Bob’s 80th Birthday Concert at Eastman.

When Secret Society was invited to perform at the Newport Jazz Festival last year, on George Wein’s suggestion I invited Bob to play a piece with us, one that I would write to feature him. When he accepted, it was beyond terrifying—writing for Bob! At Newport, no less! What the hell was I thinking? It was without a doubt the hardest thing I’d ever had to write. But when the festival weekend came around, Bob fell sick and wasn’t able to make it. He told me afterwards that he owed me a recording, but unfortunately we were never able to make that happen. I also desperately wanted him to hear a recording of the music from Brooklyn Babylon, the multimedia production I co-created with Danijel Zezelj and premiered at BAM last month. Sadly, he passed just days before we finished mixing.

The most important lesson Bob taught me, the one I hope will last me a lifetime, is the importance of patience. You’ve got to give each musical idea time and space not just to be heard, but to be appreciated. Bob’s best music is full of moments of tremendous power that are only possible because he’s set them up so patiently. In life, Bob was not always an entirely patient man, and he was not always fully appreciated. He never really got his due—his music is not widely known outside of a small community of devotees. (Several of his most influential recordings, including Make Me Smile, have languished out of print for years.) But amongst musicians, his status is properly legendary. Bob packed several lifetimes’ worth of music into almost 82 years of living. Now the rest of us have the rest of our lives to try to catch up to where he left off.

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Bob Brookmeyer and Jim Hall

Bob Brookmeyer and Jim Hall

Jim Hall was the guitarist in the innovative bass-less, drummer-less edition of the Jimmy Giuffre 3, which included Brookmeyer on valve trombone and Giuffre on saxophones and clarinet. One of Bob’s most beloved recordings was Live at the North Sea Jazz Festival 1979, which documents a duo concert with Jim Hall. In 1984, Jim premiered Brookmeyer’s Guitar Concerto with the Stockholm Radio Symphony.

In New York in the ’50s, the scene was pretty amazing, especially around Greenwich Village. There were jam sessions at artists’ lofts, hosted by painters like Ray Parker, Willem De Kooning…Gil Evans was around, and George Russell, Jimmy Rainey, Bill Crow. That’s where I really got to know Bob. We did a lot of playing together at those late-night sessions, with all different configurations of instruments.

Somehow, the trio with Giuffre seemed pretty normal to me. Bobby just could fit in anywhere; it was very easy making music with him, actually, in a duet or a trio or anything. In Giuffre’s trio, we went through several different bass players, but then we got to hanging out with Bob, and it worked so easily that it just seemed natural to get him in the trio.

[On Brookmeyer’s Guitar Concerto] I had never fooled around with any foot pedals on the guitar. I sort of stayed away from those, but Bob had it written in my part that he wanted this effect and that effect, so he broadened my feeling about the guitar. That’s the kind of musician Bob was: if there was something there to be done, he’d find a way to do it. And it was really a thrill to play with a symphony orchestra.

He was an incredibly bright, inventive, creative guy, with a great sense of humor, really. In a way, I think of the painters from those loft parties, Parker, De Kooning…an artist needn’t get just frozen in one place. I’m sure that’s kind of the way Bob felt about it. It certainly is the way I do as well.

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Bill Holman is a contemporary of Brookmeyer’s, a composer-arranger living in Los Angeles. His tribute to Bob, “Septuagenary Revels,” opens Madly Loving You, an album celebrating Brookmeyer’s 70th birthday.

When Bob made his first record with Stan Getz, I read a review that said he’d played some “erudite solos.” I wanted to see what an erudite soloist was like, and he was coming to town, playing at the Lighthouse, so I went down to meet him… with some trepidation, not quite knowing about erudite people. Within in a few minutes, we were at a liquor store buying a bottle of scotch, so you know, we got together very quickly, and we’ve been good friends ever since.

Years later, when he first went into recovery, everyone was so glad to see him straight, you know? He came in to my band and made several rehearsals and some gigs—I was recovering myself, so I was trying to get my writing going again. And then those first two albums he did for Mel Lewis’s band [Bob Brookmeyer Composer/Arranger and Make Me Smile] really killed me. I knew he’d been getting back together as well, and I was really anxious to hear the result, and they were great.

But then he kind of repudiated the things he’d done before—he disowned them, practically. He didn’t want to have too much to do with the jazz business. He was very eager to get his contemporary chops going. When he wrote the [Gerry] Mulligan tribute [Celebration Suite, composed 1994], I think he kind of reconnected with jazz during that time…I think his music lightened up quite a bit after that. He was allowing himself to hear all those things he’d heard before.

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Jim McNeely and Bob Brookmeyer

Jim McNeely and Bob Brookmeyer

Jim McNeely was the pianist in the Mel Lewis Orchestra when Brookmeyer returned to the band in 1980 and became the group’s composer-in-residence—a position now held by Jim, who also holds down the piano chair in the group, now known as the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra.

The first arrangement Bob wrote for Mel was “Skylark.” I remember Bob saying to me, “If this doesn’t work, I’m just going to not bother anymore.” The first time we played it, I was absolutely blown away. I thought, “Geez, this is an amazing piece of writing….I guess this means he’ll be around for a while.”

Then he started to bring in the rest of the music that would be on his first album with Mel’s band [Bob Brookmeyer Composer-Arranger]—”First Love Song” and “Ding Dong Ding” were the first time I’d ever encountered that kind of thing, where the band stops and you’ve got to just play—the elevator door opens up and there’s no elevator waiting for you!

The music from the next record, Make Me Smile, really opened my ears up; it made me think about form in a different way. There was also what I thought of as a dry kind of tension in his harmony that I really liked. Being a dutiful young jazz pianist in the late ‘70s and early ‘80s, I was into some of the newer kinds of harmonies, especially major 7th sharp 5 chords, and Bob was really intrigued by all that. So the piece he wrote to feature me [“McNeely’s Piece”] was full of ’em—I mean, god, there was a whole sequence to play over, moving up in fourths….He kind of called my own bluff, you know? “Oh, yeah, you’re into that chord? Well here, try playing on this!” It was really hard!

We never played that piece too much after we recorded it. I dug it, but I think it was a little too acerbic for what Mel wanted to be doing with the band. Bob was studying with Earle Brown and getting into a lot of postwar contemporary orchestral and chamber writing….He wrote one called “XYZ,” there was one called “The German Hit Parade,” there was “Ezra Pound”…. Mel tried to hang in there with it as long as he could, but I think for people coming to the [Village] Vanguard…they weren’t responding. Bob said that he “wrote his way out of Mel’s band,” which is pretty close to the truth. It was amicable when they parted ways. Mel realized that Bob’s gotta do what he’s gotta do, and I think Bob realized, “Well, I’ve got to find another place to work out this stuff, ’cause it’s not going to work at the Vanguard.”

I remember telling Mel, “You know, he’s going to learn a lot doing this stuff, and I think some day he’s going to come back and meet somewhere in the middle”—which I think he did. The last number of things he wrote were rhythmically pretty straight-ahead, but his sense of form, and the storyline and the shape were just magnificently structured. And I think everything he was doing in his last few years with the New Art Orchestra, it was all informed by what he had learned in the process of really sticking his neck out there for a while.

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Saxophonist Joe Lovano, like McNeely, was a member of the Mel Lewis Orchestra during in the 1980s. The two of them were also members of Brookmeyer’s ’80s sextet, a group which also included Dick Oatts (alto saxophone), Michael Moore (bass), and either Mel Lewis or Adam Nussbaum (drums).

My dad [saxophonist Tony Lovano] had a great record collection. Jim Hall was from Cleveland too, and was a friend of my dad’s, so we had the Jimmy Giuffre 3 recordings with Jim and Bob…also the Stan Getz band, and the stuff with Gerry Mulligan—I heard all those things growing up. And Bob just touched me immediately, with his tone and beautiful approach…so melodic, you know? And that way of playing, that contrapuntal improvisation, became what it was all about for me. The roots of that, of course, are in New Orleans, but the modern jazz players of Bob’s generation really set the pace for the whole creative flow of the music. That way of playing became really important for me.

I was also really into the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis band, those early records with “Willow Weep For Me” and all those pieces Bob orchestrated and wrote. The band came to Cleveland when I was a senior in high school, and that was a big thing. I was like, “Man, how do I get myself together to play in that band someday?” It was something to reach for.

Ten years later [in 1980], I joined the band, right around the time Bob came back. We went to Europe, and Bob fronted the band on that tour. He was conducting and playing his ass off! He would lift the entire band with his ideas, his rhythm, his phrasing…that was the first time I really played with him, stood toe-to-toe with him.

When we went in for the first rehearsal of the Make Me Smile charts, we didn’t know what Bob was bringing in….It was incredible to play through that music. “The Nasty Dance” was a feature for me that had a lot of free, open spaces in it, and also amazing harmonic sequences….It had many things within that form. It was something he wrote for me, he gave me a lot of trust, so right from the get-go, it was like, wow, I have a lot of room to be myself—and yet, I have to deal with playing this structure. There are a lot of open moments where it’s up to you as a soloist to tie things together and to play with a sense of orchestration. That was the beauty of Bob’s writing: he was a collaborator. He created environments and atmospheres in his music for others to create within.

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Bob Brookmeyer and Maria Schneider

Bob Brookmeyer and Maria Schneider

In 1985, Maria Schneider received an NEA Apprenticeship Grant to study with Brookmeyer, before going on to become the most acclaimed composer and bandleader of her generation. Through it all, she remained close to Bob and was instrumental in persuading him to record what would be his final album, Standards, for which she also wrote the liner notes.

When I first started studying with Bob, I was kind of baffled by him, baffled by all the questions he would ask me, “Why is there a solo? Why do you have chord changes there?” He would ask me about things that, to me, were just the most obvious and only solutions. And then slowly, what I started to distill from everything, subliminally, was, “Wow, I guess there are a lot more choices. We don’t have to write jazz big band music as if we’re putting up a prefab house, here.”

This was also exactly when I met Gil Evans, so I was working for Gil and studying with Bob Brookmeyer at the same time. What was interesting is that Bob used to express a little bit of intimidation about the mystery of Gil, he so admired him…and Gil was the same way about Bob. I had mentioned to Gil that I was studying with Bob, and Gil started saying, “Oh my god, he’s so amazing, he’s so intellectual…” and I could tell that Gil sort of shrunk in his confidence. Not that either of these two people were competitive in that way. It wasn’t that so much as just this admiration that made them wonder if somehow I was comparing them to each other. And I thought it was so beautiful. It was like, wow, here’s two men whose music is so different from each other, yet both so powerful, and they both have such tremendous reverence for each other.

In our lessons, Bob would throw his arm in the air with the pencil, almost like he was conducting something, using the body to show how he wanted you to get strength and power into the music, to not sit there and just be all in the head—to make the music physical.

We became close friends, but you know, I was always still a little scared of Bob—he was so intense, I always approached him with a little bit of fear. But for being so intimidating and scary, when you needed support and kindness, there was not a more generous soul and heart on the planet than Bob.

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New Art Orchestra--Madly Loving You session

New Art Orchestra–Madly Loving You session

John Hollenbeck was the drummer in the New Art Orchestra, a handpicked group of mostly European musicians (Hollenbeck was the exception) which Brookmeyer assembled in 1995 and continued to lead for the rest of his life. The following is excerpted, with John’s kind permission, from the extensive Brookmeyer tribute he has posted to his website—I implore you to read the whole thing.

The New Art Orchestra evolved out of The Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival Big Band, which was initially run through the auspices of this northern Germany Festival. We performed as the S-H MF Big Band at the Festival and in subsequent years, we’d get on a bus afterwards and head out to perform in other cities as the New Art Orchestra. Bob used to joke that once we drove far enough out of town, it was time to change the sign on the bus to the “New Art Orchestra.”

From the beginning, Bob taught NAO how to be a band. He had this educational talent that is unique, mainly due to his exhaustive experience and dedication. His musical life was a personal trip through jazz history. We worked persistently on sound, phrasing, and ensemble playing. He told me, as the drummer, what he loved about Mel and Elvin too, but mostly Mel, the drummer/magician who had the unique gift to make a band sound great with grace and coolness. But he also said: Do not even bother trying to copy, because no matter how close you get, you will never be Mel. But knowing what Mel did that Bob loved was extremely helpful. He told me to play with perceived abandon while never forgetting about the groove or setting up the band, but making it all sound like a happy coincidence. He always wanted a lot of activity on the snare drum so that the band could always feel the beat. Cracking the code on how to play drums in a big band is what I imagine learning to drive an 18-wheeler is like. Bob coached me for years until I got to the point where I could easily conjure his advice in my head and integrate it as I was playing.

The New Art Orchestra meant a lot not only to the players, but also to Bob—to have a band of young, enthusiastic people who loved him and listened intently to every word he said was a gift that Bob sincerely appreciated and he told us this often. We learned so much about music and how to make exceptional music with a large group of people.

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Bob Brookmeyer and Kris Goessens

Bob Brookmeyer and Kris Goessens

Kris Goessens was the pianist in the New Art Orchestra, and also performed and recorded with Brookmeyer in more intimate groups, including a duo that became one of Bob’s favorite playing situations.

He was an incredibly intelligent man, able to express and grab the essence of things in just a couple of words, just as he did with his music. I’ll never forget the time we were playing duo for a week in La Villa in Paris. One of those nights, we ended the concert with “In Your Own Sweet Way.” As we never planned anything in advance, we ended up playing single lines together for about six, seven minutes, or maybe even longer, as an outro. We were skating, a very nice blend in sound, time, and contour of the melodic lines. When we finished, it was clear by the audience’s reaction that they had just experienced what we had. As we got off stage Brookmeyer turned and said, “They believed us.”

I was lucky to have spent time with Bob and his amazing life companion, Jan, while they were living in Rotterdam. We spent a couple of years playing in duo for hours at my home, three times a week, listening to and talking about music and life, to always end up playing chess.

During that period, he founded his New Art Orchestra, for which he wanted to engage young musicians. He knew exactly which ingredients he needed for his band. One could apply to audition by sending a recording, and I remember that Bob would know in a few seconds who he wanted, why, and on which chair in the band. Hardly any changes have been made ever since. Playing his music with these musicians is like playing in a large ensemble with the feeling of small ensemble.

I know Bob loved Jan a lot. His words were, “It’s hard not to…” and this I can only confirm. I think Bob and the guys would allow me to say that she is an important member of the band. The lady who breathes love. Without Jan it would have been very difficult to keep the band going and make the recordings and concerts we did.

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Bill Kirchner is a jazz musician, producer, historian, and educator. He contributed the liner notes to the Mosaic Records box sets The Complete Verve Gerry Mulligan Concert Jazz Band Sessions and The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra, among other important documents of Brookmeyer’s work. His composition Variations On A Theme By Brookmeyer was recently premiered by the Manhattan School of Music Concert Jazz Band.

Bob Brookmeyer’s growth as a musician, especially as a composer-arranger, was one of the most extraordinary evolutions in jazz history. He began as a distinctive and progressive, but still rather mainstream, jazz musician in the 1950s and ‘60s. But from the late ‘70s onward, his writing in particular took on a more unusual flavor, inspired considerably by his interest in such contemporary classical composers as Witold Lutoslawski and Earle Brown. He also became more interested in expanding the possibilities of form and development in jazz composition. As he told his students, “Don’t introduce an improvising soloist until you’ve exhausted every other possibility.”

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Dave Rivello and Bob Brookmeyer

Dave Rivello and Bob Brookmeyer

Dave Rivello is a composer/bandleader based in Rochester, New York, and was Bob’s longtime copyist, confidant, and friend. He organized the 80th birthday tribute concert at the Eastman School of Music.

Back in 1995, on [arranger] Manny Albam’s recommendation, Bob contacted me and hired me as a copyist for the piece he had written for Clark Terry’s 75th birthday. It was a four-movement suite, and I never copied so fast in my life! Pages were coming in by FedEx every day…. When I was calling him with copying questions, I mentioned that I’d really like to take a lesson with him sometime, and he told me, “Okay, we can work that out. You can come here and bring some of your music, and then you can decide if you want to work with me and I’ll decide if I want to work with you.” And I remember thinking, well, half of that equation is already figured out!

So for my first lesson, I flew to Hanover, New Hampshire [from Rochester, New York]. He picked me up from the airport in his Camaro, we had our first lesson, he drove me back to the airport, and I flew back to Rochester, but I had a four-hour layover in Philadelphia, so it was like a 23-hour day by the time I got home…and I couldn’t remember anything Bob had told me! I didn’t bring a recorder, either! But over the course of the next several days, it all sort of sifted out in my brain….It was the beginning of 15 amazing years that I had with Bob.

I consider my time with him a doctorate without the piece of paper. What he taught me and what he gave me, I’ll still be figuring out when I’m 80 years old.

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Bob Brookmeyer and Ayn Inserto

Bob Brookmeyer and Ayn Inserto

I first met composer Ayn Inserto when we were both students at NEC. She was instrumental in organizing the Jazz Composer’s Orchestra, a student ensemble directed by Bob and dedicated to performing works by NEC jazz composition majors. She currently leads her own Boston-based jazz orchestra.

I remember when I was going through a tough time emotionally during my second semester at NEC, I said to him, “I don’t know if I’ll be one hundred percent at my lesson,” and he told me, “You need to come up here this weekend!” So I went up to his home in New Hampshire, and we just hung out and listened to music. He took me and Jan to dinner, and then at the end of the night, he gave me this look and asked, “You wanna get some ice cream?” So there was Bob Brookmeyer, in the middle of Ben and Jerry’s in mid-February, counting change and buying me ice cream, as if he was, like, “Uncle” Bob!

His voice is always still in my head—my favorite thing that he says is: “You can’t get attached to your tune; you’ve got to be able to able to take it apart, or throw it away.” He would talk about “taking your ear and putting down on the table”…meaning listening as if you’re not you, as if you hadn’t written it.

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Saxophonist and composer Matana Roberts is another friend from my NEC days. In addition to his private teaching and his stewardship of the Jazz Composer’s Orchestra, Brookmeyer also used to teach improvisation workshops, which is where Matana first encountered Bob.

I remember I was afraid to go to this workshop because I knew it would be me and a bunch of really amazing traditional bop players, and I was worried I would stand out uncomfortably. Anyhow, Bob immediately welcomed me and, after my first solo, made the whole band stop and lectured the other guys good-naturedly on how important it is to find an original voice in this music. I was floored by his kindness. He also made some hilarious, slightly off-color jokes about white folks that I greatly appreciated, being the only black person/woman in the room. It made us all laugh at the ridiculousness of difference.

He was really open to modernism, but still dedicated to traditionalism in a way that was so refreshing—which is not something I can say about everyone of his generation. I don’t know where he got it from. I think it might have been because he came up around so many innovators…and also was thankful just to still be out there.

But above all that, he had a deep, critical integrity towards his own work, and I hope that’s his lasting legacy. He inspires me to have high critical standards towards my own approach. He inspires me to keep asking questions.

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John Hollenbeck, Bob Brookmeyer, and Ryan Truesdell

John Hollenbeck, Bob Brookmeyer, and Ryan Truesdell
in Hamburg, December 2010, working with the NDR

Composer Ryan Truesdell also studied with Brookmeyer at NEC, and in recent years became one of Bob’s most valued associates. In addition to working as his assistant, copyist, and archivist, he actively persued making Brookmeyer’s scores and parts available from his website, and produced his recent radio recording with the Hamburg-based NDR Bigband.

There aren’t too many people around who have the kind of history that Bob had—and he was completely and utterly clear about all of it, too. He remembered what he had for lunch on some day in 1945. It was incredible!

These last few years were tough for him; he would have these bouts of fatigue and his health would kind of roller coaster up and down. But throughout all of that, he always had this laundry list of things that he wanted to do. He was very ambitious with his planning. Whatever his health situation was, Bob was always looking for the next new great project that would challenge him and offer him some sort of education within his own writing.

I was fortunate enough to see Bob rehearse a lot of bands: student bands, European groups, the Vanguard band. And leading up to the rehearsal, he might not have been feeling well; he might have been sick in bed for the past week. But whatever his mood was beforehand, the minute walked into that rehearsal and sat down on a stool in front of the podium, he was in his element. It was like he was twenty-five years old again.

He loved working with young musicians, even though it was exhausting for him, because he would just pour out every bit of energy that he had to share. I know that he was still buying CDs like crazy; anybody’s new CD that would come out, he’d give it a listen. Probably nine times out of ten he didn’t like it—but he was always interested in wanting to hear where music was going and what people were doing.

*

Clark Terry and Bob Brookmeyer

Clark Terry and Bob Brookmeyer

Terry and Brookmeyer

Trumpeter-fluegelhornist Clark Terry is one of Bob’s oldest and dearest friends. In the ’60s, they were both members of the Gerry Mulligan Concert Jazz Band, and co-led an influential quintet. Over the years, Brookmeyer wrote a number of pieces to feature Clark, including “El Co” from Bob Brookmeyer Composer/Arranger and a 75th birthday suite, the first movement of which is viewable on YouTube. The following is reprinted, with permission, from Terry’s 2011 autobiography, Clark.

Bob Brookmeyer and I had a “mutual admiration society,” loved playing together, so much so that we got a little group together in the early ‘60s. We named it the Clark Terry/Bob Brookmeyer Quintet and got a nice gig going at the Half Note—Eddie Costa on piano, Osie Johnson on drums, and Joe Benjamin on bass. It was one of the best groups ever. [N.B. later it was Roger Kellaway (piano) Bill Crow (bass), and Dave Bailey (drums).]

The harmony that Bob and I had was super. I was digging the valve trombone that Bob played because that was the first instrument I was given in high school, but the way its sound married with my flugelhorn sound was something special. We could feel each other’s next moves and enjoyed the way we managed to play simultaneously throughout the changes. We called it “noodling.” Usually one player wants to outshine the other, but we had a way of blending together that allowed both of us to shine. We really tried to make each other sound beautiful.

Terry, who just celebrated his 91st birthday, is currently recovering from major surgery. His wife, Gwen, has released the following statement via his website :

Clark was very, very saddened when he heard that Bob had passed away. After he gained his composure, he said, “We had a very special friendship. We knew that we loved each other.” He wasn’t able to say much more.

Not much more needs to be said. Rest in peace, Bob. We loved you madly.

Remembering Max Mathews

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Max Mathews (1926-2011) playing and sampling a violin connected to an IBM 704 computer in 1984.

Max Mathews was extraordinary not only by the usual standards—highly accomplished, prominent in his field, the subject of legends—but one who was surprisingly unpretentious in pursuit of a broad range of interests. He made brilliant contributions to the field he began, computer music, and yet it was not uncommon to find him in a laboratory with a soldering iron in his hand.

Max held a demanding administrative position at the Bell Labs where his natural calm served him well. As the director of the Acoustical and Behavioral Research Center, he supervised research in, among other things, acoustical analysis, speech analysis and synthesis, visual perception, and an ongoing study of the economics of communication technology. He was also associated at Bell Labs with Claude Shannon who articulated Information Theory and the Bell Labs inventors of the transistor. Max worked closely with his boss and friend John Pierce, Bell Labs vice-president for research, who invented satellite communication.

Max was always working on one musical project or another. Some highlights of his accomplishments and inventions in music technology include: making the first digital synthesis of sound and following that as creator of a succession of music synthesis languages, some of which are used to this day. He created the first elaborate hybrid computer system for real-time composition and performance, the GROOVE system. A violinist himself, he created one of the first computer-interfaced electronic violins. He created a succession of ever more effective computer assisted “musical conducting” systems. The most influential of these features a computer interfaced drum he called a “radio baton.” The “conductor” plays through a piece of music at a tempo set by repeatedly touching the drum with the baton. Max didn’t only invent and develop new musical systems—he made music with all of them and invited others to use them as well.

He was generous with his inventions. Very generous—when Bell Labs showed no interest in patenting Max’s digital oscillator, he left it in the public domain for others to use. A most incomplete list of composers who worked with Max at Bell Labs includes James Tenney, David Lewin, Gerald Strang, Jean-Claude Risset, F. Richard Moore, Emmanuel Ghent, Vladimir Ussachevsky, Laurie Spiegel, Arthur Layzer, Pierre Ruiz, Dika Newlin, John Chowning, and Pierre Boulez. He encouraged me and made it possible to pursue my dream of making computer music that talks.

In addition to his demanding job and musical pursuits, Max was also an enthusiastic ballroom dancer and the seafaring captain of his own sailboat. He and his wife Marge once sailed, in stormy weather, from the New Jersey coast to Nova Scotia.

Max was an optimistic and positive personality whose enthusiasm others often found contagious. His sunny disposition came with a wry sense of humor and more than a little musical whimsy: He made the computer-synthesized accompaniment to the rendering in synthesized voice of “Bicycle Built for Two.” An early compositional experiment, involving a sophisticated statistical algorithm, turned the melody of “When Johnny Comes Marching Home,” over time, into “The British Grenadiers.” When Max himself played the radio baton he expressed amusement that he had created a musical instrument with which he could play no wrong notes. In a spoof on the title of the Bach cantata “Sheep May Safely Graze” he made a piece featuring double bass-like tones he named “Elephants May Safely Graze.”

An anecdote that epitomizes the surprising and visionary person that Max Mathews was took place, I believe, in late 1965 when Max filled in to teach Vladimir Ussachevsky’s graduate electronic music course at Columbia. He took us through his work in computer music since inventing the medium in the late 1950s and demonstrated it with taped examples. He was asked near the end of the class what he envisioned for the future of computers in music. He said, “I look forward to the day when a plumber, for example, can come home from work and instead of watching television turn on his home computer and make music with it.” That response was taken by many in the class as whimsical at best, if not downright unrealistic—even peculiar. Of course Max’s vision would be completely realized by the early 1980s.

In his retirement Max and Marge moved to San Francisco, and he took a position in the Stanford University Music Department. They traveled together regularly to the annual conference of SEAMUS and the annual meeting of the Academy on Electro-Acoustic Music in Bourges, France where he attended events of the Festival of Electro-Acoustic Music. He would also take the opportunity to spend time with some of his European friends, especially Jean-Claude Risset and Gerald Bennet.

At both the American and European meetings one could see the deference accorded this remarkable person without whose work very little of what the meetings represented would exist. He leaves the footprints of a giant among us. He will be sorely missed.

Life Without Art – Remembering Art Jarvinen (1956-2010)

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Arthur Jarvinen (1956-2010) in Vermont, Summer 2010

Arthur Jarvinen is dead.

He died after a long battle with depression.

For those readers who don’t know much about him, we have lost one of the most inventive minds of our generation. He was a dynamo whose output seemed to be just a matter of course in a normal day for him, with his output switching gears seamlessly from concert pieces, to music with deeply imbedded theater, to his own self-created genre which he called physical poetry.

Yet to focus on his originality overlooks the fierce rigor that permeated his work. It definitely didn’t merely underpin his work, because he kept it right there, in the open, just as much on the surface as in the substrate.

When I arrived at CalArts in the late 1970s, I ran into a creative hotbed. At most every concert or post-concert gathering, there was a large cast of larger-than-life artistic personalities. Always near the center of this circus was this very severe looking guy. He might be spouting hilarious self-composed rewrites of lyrics in real time with whatever was playing on the turntable. Or he might be producing spot-on Stockhausen/Tuvan overtone singing, but crooning it to a Willie Dixon tune, probably while cooking something really great.

Or he might be making everyone around the pool nervous by staying underwater for a ridiculously long time, not swimming, but casually walking very, very slowly across the bottom of the pool. Come to think of it, there is something disturbing about that image now. Something about the self-imposed isolation—along with a display of not needing one of the basics (air) that everyone else did—sits just a little bit more uncomfortably now.

Get to know his music. Listen to Goldbeater’s Skin and how it reveals its structural game while at the same time drawing the listener in. If one pays attention, the piece continues to engage interest, even if the “game” of it is figured out; pretty good for a “concept” piece. The amazing thing is that with all the high-level gamesmanship going on, there is also an emotional core there that anyone can get. Art knew that there really is no such thing as a misunderstood genius, and he knew that music was not a commodity to be consumed, but a very special environment in which we reflect.

Check out the interplay in Edible Black Ink and Murphy Nights. Or follow the story line of The Invisible Guy, or just live with the beauty of 100 Cadences, or the sadness of Endless Bummer (written in memory of Randy Hostetler). This list could go on for a long while.

As a founding member of the California EAR Unit, he brought us one of the best ensembles and best programming of new music for almost twenty years. Another longstanding group, The Antennae Repairmen (a percussion trio with MB Gordy and Bob Fernandez) helped to rewrite just what a “percussion only” group might encompass. Another aspect of his entrepreneurial prowess was founding Leisure Planet Music as a mechanism, not only to publish his own music but that of several of his colleagues including David Ocker, the late Stephen “Lucky” Mosko for whose music Art remained a tireless advocate, and myself.

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Jack and Art performing at CalArts

The many bands that Art either founded (The Mope, Fat Pillheads Like Elvis, Screaming Yellow Zonkers, to name just a few), or those he guested with, such as The Ugly Janitors of America, also give us some further insight into Art’s aesthetic sensibilities. As disparate as each of those projects were, they don’t muddy the view. Rather, they fill in the gaps and serve as glue, helping us see a bigger picture of what might be going on here.

We all owe his wife, Lynn Angebranndt, a huge debt of gratitude. There is no doubt we would have had him in our lives for a much shorter time had it not been for her constant and ongoing care and love.

***
Composer and electric bass guitarist Jack Vees is a longtime friend and co-conspirator of Art Jarvinen.

A Memorial to Wendell Morris Logan (1940-2010)

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Wendell Logan
Photo by Kevin G. Reeves
Courtesy Oberlin Conservatory of Music

On Tuesday, June 15, 2010, Wendell Morris Logan, an extraordinary composer, distinguished professor of music, and the principal driving force behind the establishment of the major Center for Jazz Studies at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, died at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio after an extended illness. He was 69.

Logan was born in Thompson, Georgia, on November 24, 1940, the son of educators. At an early age, he demonstrated exceptional intellectual curiosity and ability and was particularly interested in pursuing challenging creative games. It was, perhaps, his parents’ dedication to education that inspired him to excel academically at an early age and, ultimately, encouraged him to pursue an academic career in the field of music. Throughout his life, he also demonstrated a keen interest in a wide range of creative activities, including photography and the creation of stained and leaded glass artifacts. Following in his father’s footsteps, at the age of eleven Wendell began playing the trumpet and, later, the saxophone.

Professor Logan’s focus as an artist and scholar was music composition. His musical universe was an exceptionally broad one, encompassing the entire history of African American music, the written music traditions of the 20th century in Europe and the United States, and an awareness of a wide range of music cultures in Asia and the Middle East. As a child growing up in a small town in Georgia, he was also intimately aware of African American religious music, folk songs, and the rhythm and blues tradition, especially the music of James Brown, Little Richard, and the Jimmie Liggins band, each of whom frequently visited his hometown. He was also exposed to and deeply influenced by jazz.

Logan completed his undergraduate studies at Florida A&M University in 1962, earning a bachelor’s degree in music. He subsequently earned a master of arts degree in music from Southern Illinois University in 1964, and a PhD in music composition from the University of Iowa in 1968.

I met him at Florida A&M University in 1960, when I was a 23 year old assistant professor of music in my first year of teaching. I remember someone knocking on my office door one day and, when I opened the door, there was an athletically built young man standing there. He asked me if I was Professor Wilson, and, secondly, if I was a composer. I answered affirmatively to both questions, and he indicated that he was seriously interested in music composition and wished to work with me. I didn’t think of him as a student then, because I still thought of myself as a student. However, I did agree to work with him as a mentor, and we spent a lot of time discussing the written tradition of 20th century music and the jazz tradition. I also critiqued his music, introduced him to several 20th century compositional techniques, and encouraged him to pursue graduate study in music composition.

I was surprised that I had never seen him in the music department before our meeting, and he explained that he was a varsity football player on the starting team of the Florida A&M Rattlers and had already completed all of the requirements for the undergraduate degree in music. I recognized immediately that Wendell Logan was a unique individual who possessed exceptional intellectual and athletic abilities, a strong personality and an independent spirit. Ultimately, Wendell and his wife, Bettye, and I and my wife, Elouise, and our young families became close friends.

Logan served on the music faculties of Florida A&M, Ball State, and Western Illinois universities prior to his appointment to The Oberlin Conservatory of Music in 1973. At Oberlin, he initially taught classes in African American music and performance courses in jazz and, in 1989, he was successful in getting the conservatory to establish a major in jazz studies as an area of concentration for the bachelor of music degree. Logan also was successful in recruiting an outstanding faculty of experienced professional jazz musicians and extraordinary talented young students from all over the country, and within a ten year period, the Oberlin Jazz Studies program and its faculty and student ensembles emerged as one of the premiere programs in the nation. The crowning achievement of Professor Logan’s career as an educator was the May 1, 2010, opening of Oberlin Conservatory’s stunning, state-of-the-art Bertram and Judith Kohl Building, a $24 million facility designed to house the Jazz Studies program. The lobby of the Kohl Building was named after Wendell Logan. This magnificent building and the multiple generations of former students, and superb professional jazz musicians who have served as faculty and performed as guest artists at Oberlin, will become a living legacy of Wendell M. Logan’s contributions to Oberlin College.

As a composer, Logan’s work is exceptional in the wide range of human expression that it draws upon and conveys. Central to his musical voice is the capacity to reflect in unique ways the exquisite sensitivity and unabashed musical power of the African American musical tradition, while simultaneously shaping that musical experience by his personal vision of a 20th- and 21st-century human existence. Among his most important compositions in the written tradition are Proportions (1969) for chamber ensemble, which I had the honor to publish an article about, and to conduct for its California premiere; Runagate, Runagate (1989), a musical tour de force based on the poet Robert E. Hayden’s poem about a fugitive slave, composed for the superb tenor voice of the late William Brown and performed by Brown and the Black Music Repertory Ensemble at Alice Tully Hall in its New York premiere in 1990; and Doxology Opera: The Doxy Canticles (2001) based on a libretto by Paul Carter Harrison. To these three compositions, I must add two additional outstanding chamber ensemble pieces: Moments (1992) which was recorded in 1998 on the ACA Digital Recording label by the Thamyris Ensemble; and Transition (2005), commissioned by the Fromm Foundation and premiered by the San Francisco Contemporary Music Players. Logan also had a great affinity for setting the texts of African American writers throughout his career. Among his early works, Songs of our Time (1969) was based on texts by LeRoi Jones, Gwendolyn Brooks, and W.E. B. Dubois. Ice and Fire (1975), a duet for soprano and baritone with piano accompaniment, is a striking setting of two poems by the poet Mari Evans entitled “If There Be Sorrow” and “Marrow of My Bone.” Many of these compositions were recorded on Orion Records.

Collectively, all of the works mentioned above, as well as his jazz compositions, established Wendell Logan as one of the most original and independent American composers of his generation. Among the awards he earned as a composer were four awards from the National Endowment for the Arts, several ASCAP awards, three Ohio Arts Council grants, a coveted Guggenheim Fellowship, the Cleveland Arts Prize in Music in 1991, and the Lakond Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1998. Logan was also selected as a resident fellow at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Study and Conference Center in 1994.

Logan’s music created in the jazz tradition also reveals a unique imagination, consummate technical skill, and a rare ability to communicate directly to a wide range of listeners. The well-known jazz trumpeter from Detroit, Marcus Belgrave, who has been a member of the Oberlin Jazz Studies faculty for ten years made the following statement about Logan:

Logan was very businesslike, always had in his mind what to do down the road. That’s why I’m so proud of him, because he always had such a good vision of what he wanted to do. He felt jazz should be shared by everyone.

As a performer as well as composer, Logan founded several performance ensembles at Oberlin including the Oberlin Jazz Ensemble which made a tour of Brazil in 1985 that was sponsored by the United States Information Agency; the Oberlin Jazz Septet that performed at such eminent sites as the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and the Detroit Jazz Festival, and the Oberlin Jazz Faculty Octet that performed at several International Association of Jazz Educators Conferences.

Among Logan’s large catalog of jazz compositions and arrangements are several compositions recorded on the album Hear And Now (1990) by the Faculty Octet, plus the compositions “Shoo Fly” and “Remembrances” featured on the 2007 compact disc entitled Beauty Surrounds Us.

Professor Logan is survived by his wife, Bettye Reese Logan, whom he met at Florida A&M University and married in 1962; two children, Wendell M. Logan Jr. and Felicia Logan; two brothers, Alvin and Howard Logan, and four grandchildren.

Remembering Robert Moffat Palmer (1915-2010)

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Robert Palmer (1915-2010), photo courtesy Cornell University

The American composer Robert Moffat Palmer died on July 3, 2010, at the age of 95. He was my teacher for a few years in the early ’70s, but he was also my friend for almost 40 years.

Robert Palmer exerted an influence on the development of American music far greater than his current obscurity would suggest. He founded the doctoral program in music composition at Cornell University, which was the first in the United States (and quite possibly the world), and generations of Cornell composers remember his gentle, kind nature, his infallible ear, and his probing intellect. For many years he taught analysis courses using his own, very idiosyncratic system. All of us who learned it still remember those yards-long charts and those colored pencils from the Palmer system. We called it the “wallpaper” course, but we remember it fondly to this day.

He taught us to be broader, deeper, more generous people, too. He and his beloved wife, Alice, welcomed us into their home again and again. He taught us to drink martinis and also dosed us with a mysterious concoction he called Composers’ Punch, over cups of which he would be as likely to break out a Byrd motet for part singing or to discuss the latest writings of Lewis Mumford as to wax enthusiastic over his heroes, Ives and Bartók. (He actually met Bartók once in the early 1940s in, of all places, Kansas.)

He taught us, too, a good deal about humility and maintaining a sense of humor. When, in the mid-1970s, a group of Cornell composers staged a tongue-in-cheek concert of avant-garde music, Bob good-naturedly contributed his own avant-garde offering, When the Buzzards Return to Hinkley, Ohio.

Robert Palmer studied at the Eastman School in the old Howard Hanson/Bernard Rogers days, then with Quincy Porter in the summers of 1935 and ’36, with Roy Harris in ’39, and with Aaron Copland in the inaugural Tanglewood class of 1940. That Hanson, Rogers, Porter, and even Harris are only dim presences in the American musical consciousness of today mirrors the dwindling fortunes of Palmer’s own work.

Yet he once seemed poised to become a leading national figure. Paul Rosenfeld praised him in 1935 as one of the composers “uncompromisingly battling on behalf of civilized values, amid the billows of simplicism [sic] to the point of innocuousness and the [passion] for front-page publicity.” A steady stream of first-rate pieces attracted top performers in concert and on recordings: the Second Piano Sonata (1942; 1948), championed by John Kirkpatrick; Toccata Ostinato (1945), a boogie-woogie in 13/8 written for pianist William Kapell; the first Piano Quartet (1947); the Chamber Concerto No. 1 (1949); the Quintet for Clarinet, Piano, and Strings (1952). Most influential of these was the mighty Piano Quartet, which used to loom large as one of the major accomplishments of American chamber music. (When I wrote my own Piano Quartet almost 60 years later, I was surprised but delighted to hear how clearly echoes of Bob Palmer’s distinctive voice still rang out from my score. How satisfying to be reminded how much of who “I” am as a composer was bequeathed to me by him.)

One of Palmer’s early champions, Copland, included him in his famous New York Times article of March 1948, “The New School of American Composers.” (The others were Alexei Haieff, Harold Shapero, Lukas Foss, Leonard Bernstein, William Bergsma, and John Cage.) “I remember being astonished when I first saw him, and tried to make some connection in my mind between the man and his music,” Copland wrote. “His outward appearance of a grocery clerk simply did not jibe with the complexities of the metaphysical music he was writing.” And then Copland lamented, “In recent years too much of his energy has gone into his teaching at Cornell University—but teaching is a familiar disease of the American composer.” Ah, yes, a familiar malady on these shores. But we who were, and still are, his students are grateful that he harbored that particular virus at Cornell from 1943 to 1980.

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Robert Palmer shares some thoughts with his students from the piano, photo courtesy Cornell University

Palmer’s friend, the pioneering musicologist William Austin, lamented how easily Palmer had been pigeonholed as an epigone of Roy Harris. On the contrary, Austin asserted, “Where Harris seems to herald some heroic victory for all America, Palmer concentrates on bitter struggle, ceaseless vigilance, and tragedy. Where Harris lyrically celebrates his own joys and sorrows, Palmer sings with a kind of devout serenity…Palmer’s world is the grim, divided world of the 1940s and ’50s, doggedly refusing to despair, no matter how often its hopes for liberty, equality, and fraternity must be deferred.” Austin captures the grave lyricism that makes Palmer memorable, but no less important was his lively rhythmic language, which owed a debt in equal parts to American vernacular music, jazz, and Renaissance polyphony.

As early as 1955, Austin noted that “even if the later course of history should prove that Palmer’s style was like some sandbar about to be washed away by the current of the twelve-tone technique or musique concrète, he need have no regrets, for the works that he creates are taut and sturdy.” Taut and sturdy, indeed. Fashions come and fashions go, but Palmer’s music is ripe for rediscovery by a wider public, and it lives on in those who knew him, and those who celebrate him now for a life well and generously lived.

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Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Steven Stucky is the chair of the board of directors of the American Music Center.

In Search of a Sound: Remembering Bill Dixon

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Bill Dixon at FIMAV 2010
Photo by Isabelle Moisan


Bill Dixon – Phrygian II

I may always be identified (and I am in my mid-fifties) as a student of Bill Dixon. Fair enough. One did not spend any significant time with Bill without receiving some sort of instruction: shared stories, advice, or a lesson. Bill embraced teaching, as he did so many other things in life, fully and with great passion. He never stopped working, either. As my friend and musical colleague Taylor Ho Bynum put it last week, “Let me continue to play the trumpet until I am eighty-four years old, perform my final concert and make a new record three weeks before I die.”

Bill had a wonderful, sometimes brusque way of drawing you into his creative orbit. I still remember my first trumpet lesson with him. I had hitchhiked up to Bennington College in 1975 and was hanging out making music and chasing co-eds. Bill called me up to his studio (how did he know where I was?) for a lesson; “Bring your horn!” He soon had me leaning my abdomen into his fist to illustrate proper use of the diaphragm, all the while speaking to me in an excited voice, urging me onward. The last lesson we had together was just a few months ago. I had driven Bill to a performance in Philadelphia, the first and last time he ever worked there. After the long drive home, Bill said, “Get your horn out!” He proceeded to show me what he was working on, using incredible control to articulate small elements of sound, stuff that other players would cast away, to develop yet another strand of language on the trumpet. There has been a lot of talk about “extended technique” in some quarters of late. Let’s note here that Dixon was the next technical extension of the trumpet after Dizzy Gillespie. His controlled use of multiphonics limned new territories for trumpet that a legion of younger artists are just beginning to connect with. Not to mention his singular sound and attack on the instrument. All of this was firmly rooted in “the tradition,” and you could often hear Bill speak about little known players like Tony Fruscella alongside the more obvious referents like Miles Davis.

Dixon’s influence extends beyond the trumpet into notation/composition, labor organization, and pedagogy, not to mention his career as a visual artist. (His work is in the permanent collection of the Bibliothèque nationale de France at the Louvre.) His interests were far ranging, and Bill is an archetype for the artist as a multi-dimensional creative spirit.

I recently asked Bill what the difference was in his approach to notation between the recording of Intents and Purposes in 1963 and the work for orchestra that he was now engaged in. He had through-composed most of the work on that album (I know—I have seen the scores and parts). “That was the only way that I knew, at the time, to ensure that I could get what I wanted from the musicians,” he explained. “If I knew then what I know now, I would have written a lot less.” During the residency at Firehouse 12 in 2008 that resulted in his Tapestries for Small Orchestra, there was considerably less paper. Bill spent hours verbally jarring the sensibility/awareness of the musicians, working relentlessly to get everyone “in the room” and present. He dictated and modeled parts and ways of playing them. He did not want you to play like you played with everyone else, to traffic in cliché, to employ well-worn and comfortable solutions to musical problems. Dixon embodied Whitney Balliett’s definition of the music as the sound of surprise.

During the drive up to Victoriaville for the FIMAV concert in late May, Bill once again spoke of his longtime dream, “You buy a big building, fill it with musicians and artists, and produce your own concerts and shows. That’s the best you can hope for.” Bill never lost sight of his goals for sustained independence as an artist. He crafted and carried the design for a nascent Black Music Institute for years. Taliesen (the idea) and the work/teaching of Frank Lloyd Wright was one model for this notion. A new generation of young scholars is now beginning to turn its attention to Bill and the Jazz Composers Guild. Will they get it right as they assess the history wrapped up in that story? Early indications show a revisionist bent. The essential message of artistic independence set in a collegial modality is still right on time.

Dixon was also notable for telling the truth about the music, both in terms of the sixties and what did or did not transpire, and in his inclination to reveal the technical and aesthetic foundations of the art. Understand that the early curve of his work teaching took place before the current phase of institutionalization that the music is in now. At the time that I met Bill, there were few places, and even fewer individuals, that one could go to to learn about the “new thing” and so-called avant-garde jazz. And finding a modern teaching artist on the trumpet? No matter what level of development a student was on, Bill shared deep and significant information and methodology at all times openly. This is still a rarity today. He believed in teaching as a high art.

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Improvising composer Stephen Haynes’s first solo recording, Parrhesia, a trio with Joe Morris and Warren Smith has just been released on the Engine Records label.

Remembering Eleanor Hovda

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Eleanor Hovda


Eleanor Hovda: If Tigers Were Clouds…Then Reverberating, They Would All Create Songs (1993) performed by Zeitgeist; from the Zeitgeist CD, If Tigers Were Clouds (innova 589)
Purchase:
   Tigers Were Clouds


Eleanor Hovda: Spring Music with Wind (1973) performed by Jed Distler, piano; from the Composers Collaborative CD, Solo Flights (CRI CD 864, available through New World Records).
Purchase:

[Ed. Note: This Saturday, March 27, 2010, would have been the 70th birthday of Eleanor Hovda, a prominent Minnesota-born composer and dancer whose compositions were championed by leading new music ensembles all across the country, including the Bang on a Can All-Stars, Boston Musica Viva, the Cassatt and Kronos Quartets, the San Francisco Contemporary Music Players, and Zeitgeist. She also taught at Princeton and Yale, among other schools. For the past decade, she was based in Springdale, Arkansas, where she died on November 12, 2009. Eleanor Hovda’s friend and colleague Jack Vees offers this memorial and celebration of her life and all of the music she wrote which will continue to be with us.

THIS JUST IN: In the coming months, innova will be releasing several new CDs featuring archival performances of Eleanor Hovda’s music.—FJO]

 

I had always expected Eleanor to come back. I guess that sentence is going to require some clarification. When I heard of her passing it had a doubly surreal quality. To give some context here, I first became acquainted with her because Libby Van Cleve, an oboist (also my wife), had worked with Eleanor in a 1981 composer and choreographer workshop in Duluth, MN. I got to know her a bit later. Libby and I then worked with her in the mid-eighties, and we had a residency at Yellow Springs in 1991, and also played several seasons for Nancy Meehan’s dance company at St Mark’s. I also remember the delight her works brought at some of the very early Bang on a Can marathons.

She was known and loved by a close-knit circle of people, many of whom are readers of this publication. Eleanor was one of our treasures. It seemed that it was only a matter of time before everyone else beyond that circle caught on. However, she was an intensely private person, but not bashful—so wider public recognition might be delayed, but it was certainly coming.

Because “shunned the spotlight” is an overused phrase, it may be better to think of her wending her way, as she often would, across the stage toward the instruments. Sometimes the literal spotlights would be on, but not yet set, leaving pools of bright and darkness, Eleanor rambling along in her way, looking at her collection of sound producers (instruments, noise makers) which she herself had assembled as if she were seeing them for the first time. This is a little odd only because we knew that she had spent dozens of hours with that assembly, deciding if the gong should be struck with a knitting needle or a chopstick. So maybe it’s only just a wee bit odder that 5 minutes into the piece, the gong gets struck with the chopstick, and it’s exactly the right event (we had heard it the other way and then this way many times while under construction). It’s only a minute and a half later when the gong is struck by the knitting needle this time. Again it’s exactly the right sound at the right moment in the piece.

Oh, and those scores, the grafitus that reminded us what to do, where to put our hands, mnemonic devices, choreographic innuendo, Dr Bronner’s label verbal density, or Ikea-like wordless picture instructions. Those scores fire a Joycean salvo of details. Hmm… what is it, messy, organic Ferneyhough? Not quite. Unlike Brian, there’s no neat grid, impressivist penmanship or third party body of theoretical explanations. Things just grow out of each other and then recede back into their surroundings.

When she taught at Yale in the 1990s, her students knew that she was bringing a very different perspective to the scene, and they loved her for that. Yet by the end of her time there, she seemed tired, even withdrawn. Shortly after this, she dropped out of sight for many of us. Some of it may have been the general weariness that many feel when running an artistic bent through the wringer; the unending, long shot grant writing, the tough schedule of academic deadlines, all those along with the perennial quest to keep the muse flowing in the face of diminishing time. We didn’t know, but she was already beginning to battle a most persistent foe, her declining health. When I said I always thought she’d come back, I first meant it in the small sense. It seemed that her move West was to recharge her batteries, to gather herself for her next big creative push. I thought all we had to do was give her some space to do that recharge. But now I see that my opening comment is voicing that typical big denial, the feeling that she’s not really dead because she can’t possibly be.

Eleanor was always able to draw out of us, (Lib and me, along with many others), the most colorful, quirky and beautiful sounds, by describing what she wanted in colorful, quirky, and beautiful ways. One day she said to me, “Do that, you know, those mouse footed things you did before.” I knew exactly what she meant.